Masayendisiti ari kuyedza zvinodikanwa zvezuva nezuva kuti awane akanakisa matanho ekudzivirira kurwisa coronavirus. Mapillow kesi, flannel pajamas uye origami vacuum mabhegi ese ari kukwikwidza.
Vakuru vehutano veFederal parizvino vakurudzira kushandisa jira kuvhara kumeso panguva yedenda re coronavirus. Asi zvinhu zvipi zvinotidzivirira zvakanyanya?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention yakaburitsa isina musono mask mapatani akagadzirwa nehengechepfu uye mafirita ekofi, pamwe nemavhidhiyo ekugadzira masiki uchishandisa mabhendi erabha uye machira akapetwa anowanikwa kumba.
Kunyangwe chifukidziro chechiso chakareruka chinogona kuderedza kupararira kwekoronavirus nekudzivirira mabhakitiriya ekunze anokonzerwa nekukosora kana kutsvedza kwemunhu ane hutachiona, nyanzvi dzinoti kuti masiki emumba anogona kudzivirira munhu akapfeka kubva kubhakitiriya zvinoenderana nekukodzera kwechigadzirwa Bonde uye mhando. Zvishandiso zvakashandiswa.
Masayendisiti kutenderera nyika akaronga kuona zvinhu zvemazuva ese zvinogona kusefa zvidiki zvidiki. Mumiyedzo ichangoburwa, HEPA chitofu mafirita, mabhegi ekutsvaira, 600 mapillowcase uye machira akafanana neflannel pajamas akakwira. Masefa ekofi akaturikidzana ane mwero. Scarf nehengechepfu zvinhu zvakahwina zvakaderera, asi zvakangobata zvishoma zvimedu.
Kana iwe usina chero zvinhu zvakayedzwa, mwenje wakapusa bvunzo unogona kukubatsira kuona kana jira iri iro rakanakira sarudzo yemasiki.
Dr. Scott Segal, sachigaro weanesthesiology paWake Forest Baptist Health, akati: "Iise pasi pechiedza chakajeka," achangobva kudzidza masks epamba. “Kana mwenje ukanyatso pfuura nemufaibha zviri nyore uye uchikwanisa kuona faibha, harisi jira rakanaka. Kana wakarukwa nejira rakakora uye chiedza chikasapfuura zvakanyanya kudaro, ndizvo zvaunoda kushandisa.”
Vatsvagiri vakati zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti tsvakiridzo yemurabhoritari yakaitwa pasi pemamiriro akakwana pasina kuvuza kana mapundu mumasiki, asi nzira yekuyedza inotipa nzira yekufananidza zvinhu. Kunyangwe iyo yekusefa yemamwe masiki ekumba inoita kunge yakadzikira, vazhinji vedu (kugara pamba uye kushamwaridzana munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji) hatidi iyo yepamusoro yekudzivirira inodiwa nevashandi vekurapa. Kunyanya kukosha, chero mask yechiso iri nani pane kusave nemask kumeso, kunyanya kana mumwe munhu akatapukirwa nehutachiona asi asingazive hutachiona akapfeka.
Dambudziko hombe pakusarudza yakazvigadzira mask zvinhu ndeyekutsvaga jira rakakora zvekuti rinogona kubata hutachiona, asi rinofema uye rakakwana kunyatsopfeka. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoburitswa paInternet zvine zvibodzwa zvakakwirira zvekusefa, asi zvinhu izvi hazviperi.
Wang Wang, mubatsiri purofesa weinjiniya yezvakatipoteredza paMissouri University of Science and Technology, akashanda nevadzidzi vake vakapedza kudzidza pamisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mafirita emhepo nemachira. Dr. Wang vakati: “Unoda chimwe chinhu chinogona kunyatsobvisa zvidimbu, asi unofanirawo kufema.” Dr. Wang akahwina International Aerosol Research Award mwaka wadarika.
Kuti vaedze zvinhu zvezuva nezuva, masayendisiti anoshandisa nzira dzakafanana nedziya dzinoshandiswa kuyedza masiki ekurapa, uye munhu wese anobvuma kuti vashandi vekurapa vanovhenekwa nehuwandu hwehutachiona nekuda kwekushanyira vanhu vane hutachiona vanofanirwa kusabhadharwa. Iwo akanakisa ekurapa masks-anonzi N95 gasi masks-sefa kunze angangoita makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana ezvimedu zvidiki se 0.3 microns. Kusiyana neizvi, mask yekuvhiya yakajairika (yakagadzirwa uchishandisa rectangular pleated jira ine elastic mhete) ine kusefa inoshanda ye60% kusvika 80%.
Chikwata chaDr. Wang chakaedza marudzi maviri emafirita emhepo. Iyo HVAC sefa iyo inoderedza allergies inoshanda zvakanyanya, ine imwe layer inobata 89% yezvimedu uye maviri akaturikidzana achitora 94% yezvimedu. Sefa yevira inobata 75% yemvura muzvikamu zviviri, asi zvinotora mitsara mitanhatu kuti isvike 95%. Kuti uwane sefa yakafanana neyakaedzwa, tsvaga mwero wegumi nembiri wekuita zvakanaka (MERV) wegumi nemaviri kana kupfuura, kana chiyero chekuita che1900 kana kupfuura.
Dambudziko remasefa emhepo nderekuti anogona kudonhedza tushinda tudiki tunofema zvine njodzi. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchida kushandisa sefa, iwe unofanirwa kuisa sandwich sefa pakati pematanho maviri emucheka wekotoni. Dr. Wang akataura kuti mumwe wevadzidzi vake akapedza kudzidza akazvigadzira mask yake maererano nemirairo iri muvhidhiyo yeCDC, asi akawedzera akati wandei mafirita zvinhu pasikafu.
Chikwata cha Dr. A 600-thread count count pillow case inogona kungotora 22% yezvimedu kana zvakapetwa kaviri, asi mana akaturikidzana anogona kutora angangoita 60% yezvimedu. Skafu yakakora yeshinda inosefa 21% yezvidimbu muzvikamu zviviri uye 48.8% yezvikamu muzvikamu zvina. Iyo 100% donje hengechefu yakaita yakaipisisa, inoverengera chete 18.2% kana yakapetwa kaviri, uye 19.5% chete yezvikamu zvina.
Chikwata chakaedzawo Brew Rite uye Natural Brew dengu mafirita ekofi. Kana mafirita ekofi akaturikidzana muzvikamu zvitatu, kusefa kwakanaka kuri 40% kusvika 50%, asi mhepo yadzo yakadzikira pane dzimwe sarudzo.
Kana iwe uine rombo rakanaka rekuziva iyo quilt, vakumbire kuti vakugadzirire mask. Bvunzo dzakaitwa kuWake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute muWinston Salem, North Carolina, dzakaratidza kuti masks epamba akagadzirwa nemucheka wakasonwa akashanda zvakanaka. Dr. Segal veWake Forest Baptist Sanitation, avo vanotungamirira tsvakurudzo iyi, vakaratidza kuti machira anowanzoshandisa donje repamusoro-soro. Mukutsvagisa kwake, masks emumba epamusoro akanaka semasiki ekuvhiya, kana zvishoma zvirinani, uye iyo yakaedzwa kusefa renji i70% kusvika 79%. Dr. Segal vakati chiyero chekusefa kwemasiki epamba uchishandisa machira anobvira moto wakadzikira se1%.
Madhizaini ari kuita zvakanakisa masks akagadzirwa nemateyi maviri emhando yepamusoro heavyweight "quilt cotton", maviri-layer masks akagadzirwa nejira gobvu rebatik, uye mukati meflannel nekunze. Kaviri-layer mask. donje.
Bonnie Browning, mukuru mukuru weAmerican Sewing Manufacturers Association, akati machira anofarira machira akarukwa zvakasimba edonje nemabatik, ayo anozomira nekufamba kwenguva. Ms. Browning vakati michina yekusonesa yakawanda inogona kungobata maviri akaturikidzana ejira pakugadzira masiki ane pleated, asi vanhu vanoda mana ekudzivirira vanogona kupfeka masiki maviri panguva.
Ms. Browning vakati nguva pfupi yadarika vakasangana neiyo quilt paFacebook uye vakanzwa manzwi evanhu makumi manomwe nenomwe, avo vakagadzira mamask angangoita zviuru gumi nezvishanu. Amai Browning, vanogara muPaducah, Kentucky, vakati: “Michina yedu yokusonesa yakaoma kunzwisisa.” Chimwe chinhu vazhinji vedu tinacho kuvanza machira.
Avo vasingasone vanogona kuyedza yakapetwa origami mask yakagadzirwa naJiang Wu Wu, mubatsiri purofesa wezvemukati medhizaini paIndiana University. Ms. Wu vanozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekupeta. Akataura kuti sezvo mukoma wake akakurudzira kuHong Kong (kazhinji kana akapfeka mask), akatanga kugadzira rudzi rwekupeta nemishonga uye yekuvaka inonzi Tyvek nebhegi rekutsvaira. Masiki. it. (DuPont, mugadziri weTyvek, akataura mukutaura kuti Tyvek yakagadzirirwa zvipfeko zvekurapa pane masikisi.) Iyo foldable mask pattern inowanikwa paIndaneti pasina, uye vhidhiyo inoratidza kupeta. Mukuyedzwa kwakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeMissouri neYunivhesiti yeVirginia, masayendisiti akawana kuti bhegi rekutsvaira rakabvisa 60% kusvika 87% yezvikamu. Nekudaro, mamwe mabhureki emabhegi evacuum anogona kunge aine fiberglass kana yakaoma kufema kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu, saka haifanirwe kushandiswa. Ms. Wu vakashandisa bhegi kubva kuEnviroCare Technologies. Iyo kambani yakataura kuti haishandise girazi fiber mumabhegi ayo emapepa nemabhegi ekugadzira fiber.
Mai Wu vakati: “Ndinoda kugadzira sarudzo yevanhu vasingasona,” vakadaro. Ari kutaura nemapoka akasiyana kuti atsvage zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda mukupeta masiki. "Nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyange bhegi rekutsvaira rinogona kupera."
Ukobvu hwakajairwa hunoshandiswa nemasainzi ari kuita bvunzo ndeye 0.3 microns nekuti iyi ndiyo chiyero chekuyera chinoshandiswa neNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health kumasiki ekurapa.
Linsey Marr, sainzi weaerosol kuVirginia Tech uye nyanzvi yekutapurirana hutachiona, akataura kuti nzira yekupihwa zvitupa zvekufema uye HEPA mafirita anotarisa pa 0.3 microns, nekuti zvimedu zvesaizi iyi ndizvo zvakanyanya kunetsa kubata. Akataura kuti kunyangwe zvingaite sezvisingaite, zvimedu zvidiki pane 0.1 micron zviri nyore kubata nekuti zvine zvakawanda zvakangoitika kufamba zvinoita kuti varove mafirita.
"Kunyangwe iyo coronavirus ingangoita 0.1 mamicrons, inoyangarara muhukuru hwakasiyana kubva pa0.2 kusvika kumazana akati wandei. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanhu vanoburitsa hutachiona kubva mumadonhwe ekufema, anewo munyu wakawanda. Mapuroteni nezvimwe zvinhu,” Dr. Marr, kunyange kana mvura iri mumadonhwe ikanyunguduka zvachose, pachine munyu wakawanda, uye mapuroteni nezvimwe zvakasara zvinoramba zviri muchimiro chezvinhu zvakasimba kana kuti gel-senge. Ini ndinofunga 0.3 microns ichiri kubatsira kutungamira nekuti iyo shoma yekusefa inoshanda ichave yakatenderedza saizi iyi, ndiyo inoshandiswa neNIOSH. ”