NeChitatu chiri kuuya, Mbudzi 24, iyo yazvino tafura yekutenderera yeDhivha muRamangwana ichakurukura kuti ramangwana reCanada kugadzirwa kwebhatiri ringaite sei. Kunyangwe iwe uine tarisiro-iwe unotenda chaizvo kuti mota dzese dzichange dzave dzemagetsi panosvika 2035-kana iwe unofunga kuti hatisi kuzosvika icho chinangwa chekuda, mota dzine mabhatiri chikamu chakakosha cheramangwana redu. Kana Canada ichida kuve chikamu chekuchinja kwemagetsi uku, isu tinofanirwa kutsvaga nzira yekuve inotungamira mugadziri wemagetsi emagetsi masisitimu mune ramangwana. Kuti uone kuti ramangwana rakamira sei, tarisa tafura yemazuva ano yekugadzira mabhatiri kwatiri muCanada Chitatu chino na11:00 am Eastern Time.
Kanganwa nezve mabhatiri ehurumende. Izvo zvakafanana zvinoenda kune ese hype nezve silicon anodes. Kunyangwe iyo yakavharwa aluminium-air bhatiri isingakwanise kuchajwa kumba haigone kuzunguza nyika yemotokari dzemagetsi.
Chii chinonzi bhatiri rekugadzira? Zvakanaka, uyu mubvunzo wakanaka. Sezvineiwo ini, ndiani asingadi kunyepedzera kuti ndingave ndisina hunyanzvi hweinjiniya, mhinduro iri nyore. Motokari dzemagetsi dzazvino dzinofambiswa nemabhatiri akaiswa mumotokari. Oo, takawana nzira itsva yekuvanza hutano hwavo, iyo yekuvaka mabhatiri ose e-lithium-ion pasi pekasi, kugadzira "skateboard" platform iyo ikozvino yakafanana neEV design. Asi vachiri vakaparadzana nemotokari. Kuwedzera, kana uchida.
Mabhatiri ezvimiro anokanganisa paradigm iyi nekugadzira chassis yese yakagadzirwa nemasero ebhatiri. Mune ramangwana rinoita serakarota, kwete chete pasi rinotakura mutoro richava-pane kuti rine-mabhatiri, asi mamwe mativi emuviri-A-mbiru, matenga, uye kunyange, sezvakaratidzwa nesangano rekutsvagisa, zvinogoneka. air filter yakadzvanywa kamuri-isina chete yakashongedzerwa nemabhatiri, asi chaizvo inoumbwa nemabhatiri. Mumashoko aMarshall McLuhan mukuru, motokari ibhatiri.
Zvakanaka, kunyangwe mabhatiri emazuva ano e-lithium-ion achitaridzika akakwira-tech, anorema. Iyo simba density yelithium ion ishoma kwazvo pane yepeturu, saka kuti uwane huwandu hwakafanana nemota dzemafuta emafuta, mabhatiri muEVs anhasi akakura kwazvo. Yakakura kwazvo.
Kunyanya kukosha, iwo anorema. Zvakadai sokurema mu "wide load". Iyo yakakosha formula ikozvino inoshandiswa kuverenga huwandu hwesimba rebhatiri ndeyekuti kirogiramu yega yega yelithium ion inogona kugadzira maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emagetsi. Kana munyika yechidimbu, mainjiniya anosarudza, 250 Wh/kg.
Ita masvomhu mashoma, bhatiri re100 kWh rakafanana neTesla yakanamirwa muModel S bhatiri, zvinoreva kuti kwese kwaunoenda, unodhonza anenge 400 kg yebhatiri. Ichi ndicho chakanakisa uye chinoshanda chekushandisa. Kwatiri vanhuwo zvavo, zvinogona kunyatso kufungidzira kuti bhatiri re100 kWh rinorema 1,000 pounds. Zvakadai sehafu yetani.
Zvino fungidzira chimwe chinhu senge Hummer SUT itsva, inoti ine simba repaboard rinosvika 213 kWh. Kunyangwe kana general akawana mamwe mabhindauko mukubudirira, iyo yepamusoro Hummer icharamba ichidhonza nezve toni yemabhatiri. Hongu, ichaendesa mberi, asi nekuda kwezvose izvi zvakanakira, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hakuenderane nekupetwa kwebhatiri. Ehe, rori rayo rinofanira kunge riine simba rakawanda - ndiko kuti, risingashande - injini yekuenderana. Kuitwa kwezvakareruka, zvipfupi nhanho dzimwe nzira. Sezvinoita mainjiniya ese emota (ingave yekumhanyisa kana hupfumi hwemafuta) achakuudza, huremu muvengi.
Apa ndipo panopinda bhatiri rekugadzira. Nokuvaka motokari kubva kumabhatiri panzvimbo yekuvawedzera kune zvivako zviripo, zvizhinji zvehuremu hwakawedzerwa hunopera. Kusvika kumwero wakati—ndiko kuti, apo zvinhu zvose zvakaumbwa zvinoshandurwa kuva mabhatiri—kuwedzera rwendo rwemotokari kunotungamirira kukunenge kusina kuderera uremu.
Sezvaungatarisira-nekuti ndinoziva wakagara ipapo uchifunga “Ipfungwa huru sei!”-pane zvipingamupinyi kumhinduro iyi yakangwara. Yekutanga ndeyekuziva kugona kugadzira mabhatiri kubva kune izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kwete chete seanodes uye cathodes kune chero yakakosha bhatiri, asiwo yakasimba zvakakwana-uye yakanyanya kujeka! -Chimiro chinogona kutsigira motokari yematani maviri nevafambi vayo, uye inotarisirwa kuti ichave yakachengeteka.
Hazvishamise kuti zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvebhatiri rine simba zvakanyanya kusvika nhasi-rakagadzirwa neChalmers University of Technology uye rakaiswa mari neKTH Royal Institute of Technology, mayunivhesiti maviri eSweden ane mukurumbira einjiniya-akabhoni fiber nealuminium. Chaizvoizvo, kabhoni fiber inoshandiswa seyakaipa electrode; iyo yakanaka electrode inoshandisa lithium iron phosphate coated aluminium foil. Sezvo kabhoni faibha ichiitisawo maerekitironi, hapana kudikanwa kwesirivha inorema nemhangura. Iyo cathode uye anode inochengetwa yakaparadzana negirazi fiber matrix iyo inewo electrolyte, saka haingotakuri chete lithium ions pakati pemagetsi, asiwo inogovera hurongwa hwemutoro pakati pezviviri. Iro zita remagetsi ebhatiri rimwe nerimwe rakadaro 2.8 volts, uye semabhatiri ese emotokari emagetsi emazuva ano, inogona kusanganiswa kugadzira 400V kana kunyange 800V yakajairika kumotokari dzemazuva ese dzemagetsi.
Kunyangwe uku kuri kusvetuka kwakajeka, nyangwe aya maseru epamusoro-soro haana kugadzirira nguva yekutanga zvachose. Simba ravo resimba rinongove risingaite makumi maviri neshanu watt-maawa pakirogiramu, uye kuomarara kwavo kwe25 gigapascals (GPa), inongori zvishoma kusimba kupfuura furemu yegirazi fiber. Nekudaro, nemari kubva kuSweden National Space Agency, iyo yazvino vhezheni ikozvino inoshandisa yakawanda kabhoni faibha pachinzvimbo chealuminium foil electrodes, iyo vanoongorora vanoti ine kuoma uye kusimba kwesimba. Asi izvo, aya achangoburwa kabhoni/carbon mabhatiri anotarisirwa kuburitsa anosvika makumi manomwe neshanu watt-maawa emagetsi pakirogiramu uye Yechidiki modulus ye75 GPa. Uku kusimba kwesimba kunogona kusara kuseri kwechinyakare mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, asi kuoma kwayo kwechimiro iko zvino kuri nani pane aluminium. Mune mamwe mazwi, motokari yemagetsi chassis diagonal bhatiri yakagadzirwa nemabhatiri aya inogona kuva yakasimba sebhatiri yakagadzirwa nealuminium, asi huremu huchadzikiswa zvakanyanya.
Kushandiswa kwekutanga kweaya mabhatiri epamusoro-soro angangoita zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Chalmers Purofesa Leif Asp vakati: “Mumakore mashoma, zvinokwanisika kugadzira smartphone, laptop kana bhasikoro remagetsi iro rinongorema hafu yehuremu hwemazuva ano uye rine compact. Zvisinei, sokutaura kwakaita munhu aitarisira basa racho, “Isu Zvakaganhurirwa bedzi nefungidziro yedu pano.”
Bhatiri haisi iyo chete hwaro hwemotokari dzemazuva ano dzemagetsi, asiwo iyo isina simba link. Kunyange fungidziro ine tariro inogona kungoona zvakapetwa kaviri kuwanda kwesimba razvino. Zvakadini kana isu tichida kuwana inoshamisa siyana iyo isu tese takavimbisa - uye zvinoita sekunge mumwe munhu svondo rega rega anovimbisa 1,000 makiromita pamubhadharo? - Tichafanirwa kuita zvirinani pane kuwedzera mabhatiri kumota: isu tichafanirwa kugadzira mota nemabhatiri.
Nyanzvi dzinoti kugadzirisa kwekanguva kwedzimwe nzira dzakakuvadzwa, kusanganisira Coquihalla mugwagwa mukuru, zvinotora mwedzi yakati wandei.
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